One of the most common causes of death and disability in the world is congestive heart failure. At least in some cases, systolic and diastolic congestive heart failure are two stages of the same disease, with diastolic congestive heart failure being the early stage (myocyte hypertrophy) and systolic congestive heart failure being the late stage (myocyte apoptosis).
Systolic congestive heart failure: Systolic congestive heart failure is characterized by massive, dilated ventricles that are deteriorated and contract weakly. It is most usually linked with ischemic heart disease.
Digoxin, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs), beta blockers, aldosterone antagonists, a medication combination that raises NO, an ARB/neprilysin inhibitor combo, and an HCN4 blocker are some of the medications used to treat systolic congestive heart failure today.
Diastolic congestive heart failure: Heart failure with normal ejection fraction is a term that is increasingly being used to describe diastolic congestive heart failure. Diastolic congestive heart failure is characterized by hypertrophied, insufficiently compliant ventricular walls and is most typically associated with long-term hypertension.
Because the contraction strength is normal or supranormal, inotropic medications are not employed to treat diastolic congestive heart failure. Instead, a calcium channel blocker or blocker is needed to relax heart muscle and prolong diastolic filling, increasing the compliance of the ventricular wall and allowing the ventricle to fill with more blood. ACE inhibitors/ARBs are another common treatment options, though it's unclear whether they're better than other vasodilators.