Q 1. Ans:
A system called a geographic information system (GIS) is one that collects, organizes, processes, and maps all kinds of data.
GIS links data to a map by combining location data (the locations of things) with various forms of descriptive data (the characteristics of those places). This offers a basis for mapping and analysis, which are applied in science and practically every sector of the economy. GIS aids users in comprehending trends, connections, and geographic context. The advantages include better management and decision-making, as well as enhanced communication and efficiency.
Q2. Ans:
Components of a GIS
A working GIS integrates five key components: hardware, software, data, people, and methods.
Hardware
Hardware is the computer on which a GIS operates. Today, GIS software runs on a wide range of
hardware types, from centralized computer servers to desktop computers used in stand-alone or
networked configurations.
Software
GIS software provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyze, and display geographic
information. Key software components are:
· Tools for the input and manipulation of geographic information
· A database management system (DBMS)
· Tools that support geographic query, analysis, and visualization
· A graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools
Data
Possibly the most important component of a GIS is the data. Geographic data and related tabular
data can be collected in-house or purchased from a commercial data provider. A GIS will
integrate spatial data with other data resources and can even use a DBMS, used by most
organizations to organize and maintain their data, to manage spatial data.
People
GIS technology is of limited value without the people who manage the system and develop plans
for applying it to real world problems. GIS users range from technical specialists who design and
maintain the system to those who use it to help them perform their everyday work.
Methods
A successful GIS operates according to a well-designed plan and business rules, which are the
models and operating practices unique to each organization.
Thank You, SIR