3.Colonialism in the novel Colonialism refers to that after the age of discovery, some small countries, regions and the nation were enslaved and exploited by the capitalist countries, through military, political and economic means, and were turned into their colony or semi colony. In addition, colonialism also covers cultural and ideological factors. The colonists infiltrated their culture, world outlook, values, and even religious beliefs into colonial rule and forced the colonists to accept them. Gulliver's travels were written in the era of colonial development. Swift himself was born in Ireland, Britain's first colony, and he himself took an active part in the political movement of Irish independence. Therefore, for the sake of colonialism, the author himself had a very deep understanding and experience. Gulliver, the hero, is a doctor with excellent personality and a certain knowledge of sailing and medicine. He became an adventurer for the sake of his family. In this era of growing colonial prosperity, the identity of adventurers was first widely recognized. This is a prominent feature of colonial times. Gulliver visited four countries with different characteristics. The king of the country Lilliput is moody and self-righteous. In the author's eyes, the country he shaped was ignorant, backward, and extremely lacking in modern civilization. This is to cater to the image of overseas nations in British citizen’s eyes. In the author's writing, the dispute between the Lilliput 151 and the neighbouring country originated from the different interpretations of the Alcoran by both sides. This is also the Eastern Islamic country in the author's imagination. The author did not have some insight into the knowledge of the eastern countries, but his depiction of these countries was not fit to be seen, which is no other than the reflection of his colonial self-superiority. In Brobdingnag, there are not too many laws, and the people in this country are full of pure and natural flavor. Swift also revealed and criticized various evils and injustices in Britain by means of the mouth of the king of the country. But his appreciation of the adult state is the simplicity and originality of the region, which reflects the feudalism and backwardness of the Brobdingnag. The cultural centralism of colonialism is also manifested clearly in this part. In third volume, the protagonist in the Flying Island has a skin and appearance which are totally different from the European people. The people here are sunken in one eye and the other eye is looking at the sky. Like many Western works, Gulliver's travels also showed the alienation of nonwhite races. This kind of alienation can be said to be written in almost the whole work. It can be said that it was a double manifestation of colonialism and racism in this novel. Scientists in this country are fierce and stupid. The author intended to satire the pseudo-science in the Royal Academy. For example, scientists engaged in the flying island devote themselves to such kinds of ridiculous, fruitless and with scientific researches with no reality as extracting sun from cucumber and restoring feces to food. In addition, they also take violent means to deal with the local residents. If the people there are slightly rebellious, they will drive the flying island to block the sunlight and even press the flying island on the residents’ head. These are the typical means for the colonization. They suppress the people of the colonial resistance miserably. In the last part of the novel, in the Houys, though the Houys represents the reason and wisdom, they still envy Gulliver's hand, which are white and tender. In the recognition of European colonists at that time, white skin was the symbol of European civilization. From this point, it is not difficult to see the unique racial superiority with the tendency of colonialism. The colonial tendency of this book is not only reflected in the unintentional decline of other regions and civilizations, but also the protagonist, Gulliver himself, is also a vested interest in colonial behaviour. He gets good returns every time he goes to sea, so he risks his life again and again. This was also the reflection of the mainstream mentality of the European colonists at that time.