ID No: 201-23-933

If we want to use hard water in textile dye processing first off all we need to remove the hardness of water. There are two types of hardness (a) Temporary hardness, (b) permanent hardness.

(a) Temporary hardness:

1. Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 → 2CaCO3 ↓ +2H2O

2. Mg(HCO3)2 + 2Ca(OH)2 → 2MgCO3 +2H2O

     MgCO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2 + CaCO3 

(b) Permanent Hardness:   

CaSO4 + Na2CO3 → CaCO3+ Na2SO4    

       2. MgSO4 + Na2CO3 → MgCO3+ Na2SO4  

           MgCO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2 + CaCO3 

Temporary hardness is remove by both boiling and temporary treatment and permanent hardness remove by the chemical treatment.