If we want to use hard water in textile dye processing first off all we need to remove the hardness of water. There are two types of hardness (a) Temporary hardness, (b) permanent hardness.
Temporary hardness:
1. Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 → 2CaCO3 ↓ +2H2O
2. Mg(HCO3)2 + 2Ca(OH)2 → 2MgCO3 +2H2O
MgCO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2 + CaCO3
Permanent Hardness:
- CaSO4 + Na2CO3 → CaCO3+ Na2SO4
2. MgSO
4 + Na
2CO
3 → MgCO
3+ Na
2SO
4 MgCO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2 + CaCO3
Temporary hardness is remove by both boiling and temporary treatment and permanent hardness remove by the chemical treatment.