ANS: Restrictive gender norms affect everybody. As a shared determinant of health for men, women, boys, girls, and gender-diverse people, gender inequalities drive large-scale excesses in mortality and morbidity globally. Gender inequality is transformed into health risk through the following: discriminatory values, norms, beliefs, and practices; differential exposures and susceptibilities to disease, disability, and injuries; biases in health systems; and biases in health research. Gender discrimination at any of these levels detrimentally affects health and social outcomes. 

For example, interpersonal violence, including violence against women, is influenced by harmful gender norms and broader systems of oppression; confronting these gendered structures is relevant to all people. More insidiously, gender inequalities contribute to increased levels of stress and anxiety: among women through their socially prescribed role as caregivers, among men through their socially prescribed role as breadwinners, and among transgender people, in whom non-conformity to gender norms is often socially penalised.