Ans. to the Ques. no. - 1

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH): The form in which people are born, grow, live, work and age are defined as social determinants of health (SDOH). These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels. This are economic and social conditions –their distribution among the population – that influence individual and group differences in health status. They are risk factors found in one's living and working conditions (distribution of income, wealth, influence, and power), rather than individual factors (behavioral risk factors or genetics) that influence risk of disease, or vulnerability to disease or injury.

According to some viewpoints, these distributions of social determinants are shaped by public policies that reflect the influence of prevailing political ideologies of those governing a jurisdiction. The WHO says that “This unequal distribution of health-damaging experiences is not in any sense a ‘natural’ phenomenon but is the result of a toxic combination of poor social policies, unfair economic arrangements and bad politics.”

The following things are directed considered as social determinant of health,

Ø  Availability of resources, such as educational, job, foods etc.

Ø  Social norms and attitudes.

Ø  Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder.

Ø  Social support and social interactions.

Ø  Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies.

Ø  Environment and housing.

Ø  Early childhood development process.

Ø  Education and literacy.

Ø  Health behaviors of society and family.

Ø  Access to health care.

Ø  Political power.

Ø  Ideal person to follow the behavior.

Ø  Access and mobility.

Ø  Health infrastructure.

Ans. to the Ques. no. - 2

Materialistic and Non-Materialist Culture: Material culture and non-material culture are both expressions of a society. The former refers to the physical and tangible expressions of that society and the latter involves its values and ideas. Material culture refers to the objects or belongings of a group of people. Non-material culture, in contrast, consists of the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society. Material and non-material aspects of culture are linked, and physical objects often symbolize cultural ideas.

Material culture consists of things that are created by humans. Examples: Cars, buildings, clothing, and tools.

Non-material culture refers to the abstract ideas and ways of thinking that make up a culture. Examples: Traffic laws, words, and dress codes.