1. What is the difference between nucleotide and nucleoside?

Nucleotide: The chemical composition of nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Some of the major examples of nucleotide are adenine, guanine, etc.                    

Nucleoside: A nucleoside has a chemical composition that consists of a sugar and a base without the phosphate group. Some of the key examples of nucleoside are the same as nucleotide only with the addition of phosphate groups.

2. What is central dogma?

The Central Dogma is the process by which the instructions in DNA are converted into a functional product.

3. Why is  DNA semi-conservative?

DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative because of this process of replication, where the resulting double helix is composed of both an old strand and a new strand. One strand comes from the parent DNA and another is newly formed/created.

4. What is Codon?

A codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotide that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

5. Suppose your hair color is brown. Identify what is phenotype and genotype

The set of genes responsible for the color brown is the genotype.

And the physical expression of color brown is the phenotype in this case.