Assignment
1.
Difference between Logical DFD and Physical DFD.
Logical vs Physical DFD
Logical DFD
·
Logical DFD depicts how the business operates.
·
The processes represent the business activities.
·
The data stores represent the collection of data
regardless of how the data are stored.
·
It’s how business controls.
Physical DFD
·
Physical DFD depicts how the system will be
implemented (or how the current system operates).
·
The processes represent the programs, program
modules, and manual procedures.
·
The data stores represent the physical files and
databases, manual files.
·
It show controls for validating input data, for
obtaining a record, for ensuring successful completion of a process, and for
system security.
2.
What is DFD? List out the Symbol used in DFD.
A level 2 data flow diagram (DFD) offers a more detailed
look at the processes that make up an information system than a level 1 DFD
does. It can be used to plan or record the specific makeup of a system.
The Symbol used in DFD
Data
Flow
3.
State any explain the rules of creating zero
level DFD with example
When creating data flow diagrams. There are certain rules
which must be followed. This rules allow for the DFD to be make sense and also
to be easily understood. In this blog I will go through the rules which must be
followed and show practical examples of these rules.
1.
All data flows must flow to or from a process.
All
flows of data must be either coming from or going to a process. External
entities can not flow directly to each other. A data flow can not link a data
store to an external entity. Data can not move between data stores without
first being processed.
4.
Explain various activity involve in system
design.
A systemic approach is required for
a coherent and well-running system. Bottom-Up or Top-Down approach is required
to take into account all related variables of the system. A designer uses the
modelling languages to express the information and knowledge in a structure of
system that is defined by a consistent set of rules and definitions. The
designs can be defined in graphical or textual modelling languages.
5.
Explain role of system analyst in system
development process.
The systems analyst systematically assesses how users
interact with technology and how businesses function by examining the inputting
and processing of data and the outputting of information with the intent of
improving organizational processes. Many improvements involve better support of
users’ work tasks and business functions through the use of computerized
information systems.
Our definition of a systems analyst is necessarily broad.
The analyst must be able to work with people of all descriptions and be
experienced in working with computers. The analyst plays many roles, sometimes
balancing several at the same time. The three primary roles of the systems
analyst are consultant, supporting expert, and agent of change.
6.
List any two common errors that are made while
data flow diagrams.
DFDs look easy on the surface - after all, what's hard about
writing down a few bubbles and arrows? In practice the techniques proves to be
somewhat more difficult than one might initially anticipate. Obtaining
appropriate names for both processing steps and data flows can require careful
thought. As one rule of thumb, imagine that you are producing a diagram that
must pass this test: you will finish the DFD, then hand it to someone (of
reasonable intelligence) who will then proceed to describe the process back to
you based upon what he or she sees in your diagram. If this process recitation
captures your original process description (and, of course, the appropriate
characteristics of the business process itself), your DFD is reasonably
accurate.
7.
What is the purpose of system testing? What
should be the output of the system testing?
System Testing means testing the system as a whole. All the
modules/components are integrated in order to verify if the system works as
expected or not. System Testing is done after Integration Testing. This plays an
important role in delivering a high-quality product.
8.
Give one example each for strategic, tactical
and operational decisions.
Strategic planning is an organization’s process of defining
its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to
pursue this strategy. For example, the first and third questions are those that
motivate an acquisition. Acquisitions are thus strategic choices. Typically
strategic choices look at 3 to 5 years, although some extend their vision to 20
years (long term). Because of the time horizon and the nature of the questions
dealt, mishaps potentially occurring during the execution of a strategic plan
are afflicted by significant uncertainties and may lie very remotely out of the
control of management
9.
How cost-benefit analysis plays an important
role in SDLC?
There is always something that needs executing, and often
that something is critical to the success of the venture. Because of the high
stakes, good managers don’t just make decisions based on gut instinct. They
prefer to minimize risk to the best of their ability and act only when there is
more certainty than uncertainty. But how can you accomplish that in a world
with myriad variables and constantly shifting economics? The answer: consult
hard data collected with reporting tools, charts and spreadsheets. You can then
use that data to evaluate your decisions with a process called cost benefit
analysis (CBA). An intelligent use of cost benefit analysis will help you
minimize risks and maximize gains both for your project and your organization.
10.
What is the drawback of DFD
The biggest drawback of the DFD is that it simply takes a
long time to create, so long that the analyst may not receive support from
management to complete it. Physical considerations are left out. Advantages of
data flow diagram: It aids in describing the boundaries of the system.
11.
List characteristics of a good interface.
8 Characteristics of Successful User Interfaces
·
Clear.
·
Concise.
·
Familiar.
·
Responsive.
·
Consistent.
·
Attractive.
·
Efficient.
·
Forgiving.
12.
Explain different ways in which an analyst
gathers requirement from the customer.
Requirement Gathering is the first phase of the project and
it’s also a key to successful projects. Missing or incomplete requirements lead
the project nowhere, hence successful projects focus more on the requirement
gathering process. Business Analyst is the person who generally gathers and
analyses the requirements in order to fulfill the client’s needs. There are
various methods to achieve your requirement gathering goal and it’s totally up
to Business Analyst’s choice to pick one to finish the work.
13.
What is MIS? What are different components of
MIS? Explain different categories of information required to serve the needs of
different levels of management in an organization.
A management information system is made up of five major
components namely people, business processes, data, hardware, and software. All
of these components must work together to achieve business objects.
14.
What is DSS? Explain application of DSS in today’s
world? What is the difference between MIS and DSS?
15.
What is structured analysis? Name a tool that
carried out structured analysis? Explain the tool.
16.
Differentiate black box testing and white box
testing. Can one be used in place of other? Give reasons.
17.
How do tangible costs differ from direct costs?
18.
What are functional requirement and
non-functional requirement?
19.
Explain Output Format types: Tabular format,
Graphical format, Detailed Reports and Summary Reports with proper diagram and
format.
20.
What is in your opinion the most difficult job
for system analyst?
21.
Explain Open and Close System with example.
22.
Explain Information Gathering Technique-
Questionnaires?
23.
What are The Types of Feasibility?
24.
What are The Types of Systems?
25.
In System Design process, what is Requirements
Determination?
26.
What are the Types of Documentation in System
Design? Explain in brief.
27.
If an information system were to be designed for
a retail grocery store/online e-commerce website, what would be the strategic,
tactical, statutory and operational information?
28.
Define deterministic and probabilistic system
with example.
29.
What are the major threats to system security?
Write down the guidelines to control the access.
30.
What are the differences between initial
investigation and feasibility study in system development life cycle? How can
you relate them?
31.
“Fact Gathering” is a role of system analyst.
Explain.
32.
What is technical, economic and operational
feasibility?
33.
Write down the steps in feasibility analysis.
34.
Explain with an example of each variety of
closed question:
a.
Ranking scale question
b.
Fill in the blanks question
c.
Dichotomous questions
35.
What categories of information are relevant to
decision making in business. Relate each category to the managerial level and
information system.
36.
Give example of informal and formal system and
also explain why they are called so?
37.
What additional information would you like to
gather a second interview?
38.
A system analyst should be an "Analytical Mind",
explain it.
39.
What are malware? Distinguish between DOS and
DDOS attacks of a server? How to recover from those attacks?
40.
Briefly describe physical security and data
security with example.
41.
What are computer crimes? Briefly explain at
least three example of computer crimes happened in Bangladesh.
42.
What are the differences between open ended
questionnaire and close ended questionnaire regarding information gathering
tool?
43.
What are the steps an analyst should follow to
design an information system? Explain with diagram.
44.
What is data dictionary? Why it is important
regarding software project management?
45.
What is information gathering? How we gather
information to analysis a system?Which of the following methods would you use
and why?
46.
Elaborate on the steps taken in system testing
that lead to the user's acceptance of the system.
47.
What is encryption? How does it work? What type
of system would appropriate for this technology? Illustrate.
48.
Distinguish between software maintenance and
enhancement.
49.
Talk to a book shop owner and find out what his
information requirements are. Divide it into operational, tactical, strategic and
statutory components. Describe how his operational and tactical information
needs could be satisfied if he installs a PC.
50.
Specify the purpose of the system testing. What
performance criteria are used for system
testing? Discuss.
51.
List five of the several measures an analyst can
take to improve the security, privacy, and
confidentiality of data, systems, networks, individuals, and organizations that
use ecommerce web applications.
52.
How is disintermediation beneficial to customers in online shopping?
Explain it with example.
53.
What are the unique features of electronic
commerce (e-commerce), digital markets, and digital goods?
54.
What is the difference between quantitative data
and qualitative data? In what situations could the number 10 be considered
qualitative data?
55.
We all interact with various information systems
every day: at the grocery store, at work, at university, even in our cars (at
least some of us).
Write
down the four different information systems you interact with every day. See if
you can identify the technologies, people, and processes involved in making
these systems work.