Management
Perspectives
The management
perspective is useful in making daily decisions and setting business strategy.
Management focuses on the delegation of tasks and juggling resources, including
money, supplies and personnel. It can also be viewed as how to get managers and
supervisors to facilitate employee performance.
McGregor's
Theory X and Theory Y
Theory
X
·
Work is inherently distasteful to most
people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible.
·
Most people are not ambitious, have
little desire for responsibility, and prefer to be directed.
·
Most people have little aptitude for
creativity in solving organizational problems.
·
Most people are gullible and
unintelligent.
Essentially, Theory X
assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with
security as a strong second. Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft
approach to getting results.
Theory
Y
·
Work can be as natural as play if the
conditions are favorable.
·
People will be committed to their
quality and productivity objectives.
·
The capacity for creativity spreads
throughout organizations.
·
Under these conditions, people will seek
responsibility.
Under these
assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with
organizational goals by using the employee’s own need for fulfillment as the
motivator. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft
approach.