1) Liberal Humanism 

• Good literature is timeless, transcendent and speaks to what is constant in human nature.

• Human nature unchanging—continuity valued over innovation.

• Purpose of literature to enhance life in a non-programmatic way.

• Form and content fused organically in literature.

2) Formalism

• In formalism the text is perceived as “Art” and the autonomy of the text is advocated.

• Formalism is important to designers because it creates a style in which designers can produce their work.

• Formalism may be defined as a critical approach in which the text under discussion is considered primarily as a structure of words.

3) Structuralism

• There is a structure in every system.

• The structure is what determines the position of each element of a whole.

• Coexistence, not change, is the focus of "structural laws."

• Structures are the "real things" that lie beneath the surface or the appearance of meaning.

4) Modernism

• Modernism is marked by a strong and intentional break with tradition.

• Modernism believe that the world is created in the act of perceiving it; that is, the world is what we say it is.

• It says, there is no such thing as absolute truth. All things are relative.

• According to Modernism, life is unordered.

5) Deconstruction

• Deconstruction is usually given through a close examination of a certain text.

• Deconstruction has at least two aspects: literary and philosophical.

• Deconstruction has had an enormous influence in psychology, literary theory, cultural studies, linguistics, feminism, sociology and anthropology.

Hamida Akter Mira

ID: 191-10-1905

Section: (C)