HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE MEASURES

Section 51 of the Code provides for rules as to cleanliness which are as follows: Every establishment shall be kept clean and free from register

(a) accumulation of dirt and refuge shall be moved daily by sweeping or by any other effective method from the floors and benches of workrooms and from staircases and passages and disposed of in a suitable manner;

(b) the floor of every work-room shall be cleaned at lest once in every week by washing, using disinfectant where necessary or by some other effective method;

(c) where the floor is liable to become wet in the course of any manufacturing process to such extent as is capable of being drained, effective means of drainage shall be provided and maintained;

(d) all inside walls and partitions, all ceilings, or tops of rooms, and walls, side and tops or passages and staircases shall- (i) where they are painted or varnished, be repainted or

revarnished at lest once in every five years;

(ii) Where they are painted or varnished and have smooth

impervious surfaces, be cleaned at least once in every fourteen month, by such methods as may be prescribed; (iii) in any other case, be kept white-washed or colour- washed and the white-washing or colour-washing shall be carried out at least once in every fourteen months; and

the dates on which the process required by clause (d) are carried out shall be entered in the prescribed register

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52. Ventilation and temperature.- (1) Effective measures shall be undertaken in every establishment for securing and maintaining in every work-room adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air.

(2) Temperature in every such room shall be kept in such as will secure to workers therein reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health.

(3) For the purpose of sub-section (2) the walls and roofs of rooms shall be of such material and so designed that such temperature shall not be exceeded and kept as low as practicable.

(4) Where the nature of the work carried on in an establishment involves, or is likely to involve, the production of excessively high temperature, such adequate measures as are practicable, shall be taken to protect the workers there from by separating the process which produces such temperature from the work-room by insulating the hot parts or by other effective means.

(5) If it appears to the Government that in any establishment or class or description of establishments excessively high temperature 

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54. Disposal of wastes.- Effective arrangements shall be made in very establishment for the disposal of wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process carried on therein.

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55. Artificial humidification.- (1) In any establishment in which

the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the water used for the purpose shall be taken from a public supply, or other source of drinking water, or shall be effectively purified before it is so used.

(2) If it appears to an Inspector that the water used in a factory fo increasing humidity which is required to be effectively purified unde sub-section (1) is not effectively purified, he may serve on th employer an order in writing, specifying the measures which, in opinion, should be adopted, and requiring them to be carried out befo a specified daL

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Section 56 provides for rules relating

to

injurious to the health of the workers employed therein. There shall be provided for every workers employed in a work room at lest 9.5 cubic meter of space for every worker employed in a work-room.

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provides for rules relating to lighting which are

follows:

crowding which are as follows:

No work-room in any factory shall be overcrowded to an extent

F. In every part of an establishment where workers are working or passing, there shall be provided and maintained sufficient and

suitable lighting, natural or artificial, or both.

In every establishment all glazed windows and skylights used for the lighting of the work-room shall be kept clean on both the outer and inner surfaces and free from obstruction as far as

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Section provides following rules as to In every establishment effective arrangement shall be made to drinking

provide and maintain at a suitable point conveniently situated

for all workers employed therein, a wholesome drinking water. All such points shall be legibly marked "Drinking Water" in a sufficient supply of

language understood by the majority of the workers. In every establishment wherein more than 250 workers are ordinarily employed, provision shall be made for cooling the drinking water during the hot weather.

Effective arrangement shall be made for oral dehydration therapy for those workers who may lose water from their bodies for working near or around machineries producing excessive heat.

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provides the following rules as to Janines and urinals:

In every establishment-

()sufficient latrines and urinals of prescribed types shall be provided

conveniently situated and accessible to workers at all times while they are in the establishment; (b) enclosed latrines and urinals shall be provided separately for male and

female workers; ()such latrines and urinals shall be adequately lighted and ventilated an supplied with water all times;

(d) all such latrines and urinals shall be maintained in a clean and sanita

condition at all times with suitable detergents or disinfectants or w

both;

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J. Spittoons: Section provides the following rules

CHAPTER VI

SAFETY

Safety is a basic and primary requirement in an establishment. Unless body, mind and life of workers is secured, smooth and proper working cannot be ensured in any establishment. As indicated earlier, the Labour Code is a piece of social legislation and its main object is to ensure adequate safety measures and to promote health and welfare of the workers employed in establishments. The safety provisions are absolute and obligatory in nature and the employer of every establishment is bound to follow them. They are contained in sections 61 to 78 in chapter V. They are as follows:

A Precautions in case of fire: (sec. 62)

Every establishment shall be provided with such means of escape, including an alternative stair connected to every floor, in case of fire and fire-fighting apparatus, as may be prescribed.

If it appears to the Inspector that any establishment is not provided with the means of escape prescribed under sub-section (1), he may serve on the employer of the establishment an order in writing specifying the measures which, in his opinion, should be adopted within a time specified in the order.

In every establishment the doors affording exit from any room, shall not be locked or fastened so that they can be easily and immediately opened from inside while any person is within the room, and all such doors, unless they are of the sliding type, shall be constructed to open outwards or where the door is between two rooms, in the direction of the nearest exit from 

Fencing of Machinery: (sec. 63)

In every establishment the following shall be securely fenced by the safeguards of substantial construction which shall be kept in a position while the part of machinery required to be fenced are in motion or in use, namely

(a) every moving part of a prime mover, and every fly wheel connected

to a prime mover,

Work on or near I Machinery in motion: (sec. 64)

Where it becomes necessary to examine a any part of machinery while the machinery is in motion, such examination or operation shall be made or carried out only by a specially trained adult male worker, wearing tight-fitting clothing whose name has been recorded in the register.

While he is so engaged such worker shall not handle a belt at a moving pulley unless the belt is less than 15 centimeters in width and unless the belt-join is either laced or flush with the belt.

Striking gear every establishment-

and devices for cutting off power: (sec. 65) suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliances shall be provided and maintained to move driving belts. 1

driving belts when not in use shall not be allowed to rest or ride upon shafting in motion. In every establishment suitable devices for cutting off power in emergencies from running machinery shall be provided and

maintained in every work-room.