In the context of Bangladesh, the principle of separation of powers is enshrined in the Constitution. The Constitution of Bangladesh, adopted in 1972, establishes a democratic system with a clear separation of powers among the three branches of government: the executive, legislative, and judiciary.
Executive Branch: The President is the head of state, and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The executive branch is responsible for the implementation and administration of laws and policies.
Legislative Branch: The Parliament of Bangladesh, known as Jatiya Sangsad, is the supreme legislative body. It consists of Members of Parliament (MPs) who are elected by the people. The legislative branch is responsible for making laws, debating policies, and representing the interests of the citizens.
Judiciary: The judiciary in Bangladesh is an independent branch responsible for interpreting and applying the law. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the country. It consists of the Appellate Division and the High Court Division. The judiciary acts as a check on the other branches, ensuring that their actions align with the Constitution and the rule of law.
The principle of separation of powers aims to prevent the concentration of power in any single branch and serves as a system of checks and balances. However, it is important to note that in practice, the separation of powers in Bangladesh has faced challenges, with concerns about the independence of the judiciary and the potential dominance of the executive branch.