Separation of powers is a doctrine of constitutional law under which the three branches of government
1. executive,
2.legislative, and
3. judicial
are kept separate. This is also known as the system of checks and balances, because each branch is given certain powers so as to check and balance the other branches.Separation of the judiciary from the executive is established by the constitution of Bangladesh from its origin. But it was limited to mere documentary recognition before the decision of Masdar Hossain case in 2007 through which the separation of judiciary as well judicial independence was established in true sense.
In Bangladesh, the Constitution provides for the separation of power among three branches of government:
1. The Executive branch is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws. The Prime Minister is the head of the executive branch, and the Cabinet is responsible for advising and assisting the Prime Minister in carrying out these duties.
2. The legislative branch, on the other hand, is responsible for making laws. In Bangladesh, the legislature is known as the Jatiya Sangsad or the National Parliament. It is a unicameral legislature consisting of 350 members, with elections held every five years.
3. The judiciary branch is responsible for interpreting and enforcing the laws. The judiciary in Bangladesh consists of several levels, including the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the country.