Separation of Power is a concept in political science that refers to the division of governmental responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising too much power. This is often done through the creation of checks and balances among the branches of government.

Montesquieu's theory:

Montesquieu, a French philosopher of the 18th century, is often credited with the theory of separation of powers. According to Montesquieu's theory, “the powers of government should be divided into three separate branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary. Each branch should have a distinct function, and each should be independent of the others, with no one branch having too much power or control.” Montesquieu believed that the separation of powers was essential for preventing tyranny and ensuring the protection of individual rights and liberties. He argued that if all power were concentrated in one person or group, there would be a greater risk of abuse of power and the violation of individual rights.

In Montesquieu's theory:

the legislative branch is responsible for making laws

the executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws, and

the judiciary branch is responsible for interpreting laws and resolving disputes.

Each branch should be able to check and balance the others to ensure that no one branch becomes too powerful.

In Bangladesh, the Constitution provides for the separation of power among three branches of government.

1. The Executive branch is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws. The Prime Minister is the head of the executive branch, and the Cabinet is responsible for advising and assisting the Prime Minister in carrying out these duties.

2. The legislative branch, on the other hand, is responsible for making laws. In Bangladesh, the legislature is known as the Jatiya Sangsad or the National Parliament. It is a unicameral legislature consisting of 350 members, with elections held every five years.

3. The judiciary branch is responsible for interpreting and enforcing the laws. The judiciary in Bangladesh consists of several levels, including the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the country.