(a) Frequency Table:
A frequency table is a tabular representation of data that shows the number of occurrences of each category or class in a dataset. It organizes the data into different groups or intervals and displays the count (frequency) of observations in each group. Frequency tables are commonly used in descriptive statistics to summarize and present the distribution of a dataset.
For example, suppose you have a dataset of student scores on a test, and you want to know how many students scored within certain score ranges. A frequency table would list the score ranges along with the number of students who achieved scores within each range.
(b) Bar Chart and Pie Chart:
Bar Chart:
Purpose: Bar charts are used to visually represent categorical data. Each category is represented by a bar, and the length of the bar corresponds to the frequency or proportion of observations in that category.
Use Cases: Bar charts are effective for comparing the values of different categories or tracking changes in categorical data over time. They are suitable for displaying discrete data points.
Pie Chart:
Purpose: Pie charts are used to represent the parts of a whole. Each category is represented by a slice, and the size of each slice corresponds to the proportion of the whole that it represents.
Use Cases: Pie charts are helpful when you want to show the relative contributions or percentages of different categories to a total. They are commonly used to represent the distribution of a dataset.
Why Use Bar and Pie Charts:
Visual Representation: Both charts provide a visual representation of data, making it easier to interpret and understand patterns.
Comparison: Bar charts are useful for comparing individual categories, while pie charts are effective for showing the proportion of each category in relation to the whole.
Simplicity: These charts are easy to create and interpret, making them suitable for presentations and reports aimed at a broad audience.
Clarity: Bar and pie charts simplify complex data by presenting it in a clear and concise format, enhancing the communication of key information.