Section outline
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Students mustMark as doneWelcome to Pharmacology
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Course Information:
Name of the Course : Pharmacology-I
Course Code : BPH-224
Program : B. Pharm.
Instruction/Guideline for the Course:
- All the students registered for this course have to enroll in Moodle.
- Students can find all the course materials from Moodle.
- All the students have to submit the soft copy of their "Assignment" in Moodle under assignment section created here and for this they will be graded here.
- One discussion or feedback forum is created under each of the lecture Students have to give their feedback on these forum and marks will be given for their feedback
- Any announcement regarding the class will be posted on Moodle. So they have to keep themselves always active on Moodle.
- All the quizzes and presentation will be held on online (Moodle) and may be few of the class will be held on face to face class and it will be announced before the class.
- The question pattern and the syllabus for the quizzes, midterm and final exam is given here under each of the section (quizzes, midterm and final).
- There are Midterm and Final Examination presentation forum under these sections where students can discuss with each other about their midterm and final exam syllabus, any problem regarding the exam etc.
Rationale:
- This course is designed to develop an understanding of the theoretical concepts surrounding pharmacology, such as the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, and the concepts surrounding pharmacotherapy.
- It gives specific information concerning different types of receptors and drug classifications as well as common examples in each category.
- With each classification of drugs covered, their mode of action, their clinical effects and side effects will be emphasized.
Course Objectives:
After completing this course, students will be able to:
- Describe and define the basic terms and concepts of pharmacology.
- Outline the functions and structure of the pharmacological system and describe the autonomic drugs.
- Apply the concept and principles of pharmacology to ensure proper use of drugs.
- Calculate medication orders based on the given setting.
Course Contents:
- General Introduction of Pharmacology
- Introduction to Pharmacokinetioncs
- Introduction to Pharcodynamics
- Drugs for peptic ulcer
- Autacoids
- Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs
- Sedative and Hypnotic drugs
- Local and General Anaesthetics
- CNS Stimulant Drugs
Course Instructor:
Personal Wabepage: https://faculty.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd/profile/pharmacy/drsarowar.htmlDr. Md. Sarowar Hossain
Associate Professor
Department of Pharmacy
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences
Daffodil International University
Daffodil Smart City (DSC)
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Cell Phone:01777845198
Email: sarowar.ph@diu.edu.bd
ID: 71002373
Google Site: https://sites.google.com/s/1JUI-aateV0ARv1j10vOccT9vT7RSUsDA/p/1BOvp1RzuU3afFPRKNoCXNsQf9CRhbzLb/edit
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Cyb9T68AAAAJ&hl=en
Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Md_Hossain407
- All the students registered for this course have to enroll in Moodle.
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Batch/Section: 24 DSC
Please, Click Here to join the classIf any problem please, use this code: vny-mudc-yhs
Weekly Class Schedule:
Monday: 11:20 AM to 12:20 PM
Tuesday: 10:10 AM to 11:10 AM
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Students mustViewMake a submission
Topic: Assignment on "Drug–drug interactions exhibit a significatnt effect on drug action"
Instruction: Student should prepare their assignment on or before June 20, 2022 and submit hereLearning Outcome:
- Acquire knowledge on diffrent factors affecting drug–drug interactions
- Apply knowledge during drug despensing and drug administration
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Topic: "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics play an vital role in drug discovery and contribute to treatment success.
Instruction: Please, upload your video recorded presentation file on own google drive, share in the option of anyone can view and then submit the link here. (N.B. Students should prepare their presentation slides individually and submit by June 20, 2022.)
Learning outcomes: Students can evaluate and explain the application of Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics activities in drug discovery and drug action.
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Introduction
Pharmacology is a branch of pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly or narrowly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species). More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function.
Learning Outcomes:
- Describe different terminology of Pharmacology
- Identify the sources of drug
- Identify & recommend preferred routes for the drug administration
- Compose the role of genetics in drug action
Course Contents:
- Routes of administration
- Pharmacogenetics
- Sources of drug
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Google Meet Live Class Links:
Batch 23 A: Live Class-1, Live Class-2, Live Class-3, Live Class-4
Batch 23 B: Live Class-1, Live Class-2, Live Class-3, Live Class-4
Batch 23 PCA: Live Class-1, Live Class-2, Live Class-3, Live Class-4
Batch 23 PCB: Live Class-1, Live Class-2, Live Class-3, Live Class-4
Batch 24 DSC: Live class 31.01.22
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Students mustViewReceive a grade
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Do you feel any confident about The Route of drug administration?
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Students mustViewMake a submission
Topic: Assignment on "How long do the phases of a clinical trial take?"
Instruction: Student attentively go through the supporting link (Click here), prepare their answer as an assignment and uplowad here.
Submission date: On or before July 28, 2021
Learning Outcome: Acquire knowledge on diffrent phases of clinical pharmacology trials. -
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Introduction
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes described as what the body does to a drug, refers to the movement of drug into, through, and out of the body—the time course of its absorption, bioavailability, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Learning Outcomes:
- Illustrates the factors responsible for ADME.
- Modulate the factors for better outcome.
- Categorize different types of metabolism and ways of excretion
Course Contents:
- Drug absorption
- Drug distribution
- Drug metabolism
- Drug excretion (ADME)
- Factors modifying drug absorption
- Drug distribution
- Drug metabolism
- Drug excretion
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Google Meet Live Class Links:
Batch 23 A: Live Class-5, Live Class-6, Live Class-7, Live Class-8
Batch 23 B: Live Class-5, Live Class-6, Live Class-7, Live Class-8, Live Class-9
Batch 23 PCA: Live Class-5, Live Class-6, Live Class-7, Live Class-8, Live Class-9(Moti), Live class-10
Batch 23 PCB: Live Class-5, Live Class-6, Live Class-7, Live Class-8, Live Class-9, Live Class-10
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Do you feel confident about the part of Drug Metabolism?
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Topic: Assignment on "Factors affecting Absorption of Drugs"
Instruction: Student attentively go through the supporting link (Click here), prepare their answer as an assignment and uplowad here.
Submission date: On or before August 20, 2021Learning Outcome:
- Acquire knowledge on diffrent factors affecting Absorption of Drugs
- Apply knowledge during drug design, ddetermination of dose and route of drug administration
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Introduction
Pharmacodynamics (sometimes described as what a drug does to the body) is the study of the biochemical, physiologic, and molecular effects of drugs on the body and involves receptor binding (including receptor sensitivity), postreceptor effects, and chemical interactions. Pharmacodynamics, with pharmacokinetics (what the body does to a drug, or the fate of a drug within the body), helps explain the relationship between the dose and response, ie, the drug's effects. The pharmacologic response depends on the drug binding to its target. The concentration of the drug at the receptor site influences the drug’s effect.
Learning Outcomes
- Interpret the ligand-receptor interaction
- Identify the key regulatory molecules.
- Discuss the relationship between drug dose & clinical response
Course Content
- Basic principles
- Mechanism of drug absorption
- Receptor (receptor for physiological regulatory molecules
- Structural and functional families, receptor as enzyme etc.),
- Agonist, antagonist, potentiation, synergism, drug-receptor interaction
- Factors modifying drug action, drug tolerance, dependence etc.
- Basic concept of drug action, receptor, nature of receptor, drug antagonism
- The relation between drug dose & clinical response
- Signalling mechanism and drug action, ligand-gated channels,
- G-proteins and second messengers
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Google Meet Live Class Links:
Batch 23 A: Live Class-9, Live Class-10, Live Class-11
Batch 23 B: Live Class-10, Live Class-11, Live Class-12, Live Class-13 (Moti)
Batch 23 PCA: Live Class-11, Live Class-12, Live Class-13, Live Class-14
Batch 23 PCB: Live Class-11, Live Class-12, Live Class-13, Live Class-14
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Students mustViewMake forum posts: 1
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Do you feel confident about agonist and antagoninst?
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Case Study: Mr. Omar is taking potassium citrate on regular basis as a potassium suppliment. Recently, he has been suffering from abnormal blood pressure and doctor prescibes Lisinopril for him. What precausion is necessary for him?
Instruction: Student attentively go through the supporting link (Click here), prepare their answer and submit here.
Submission date: On or before September 28, 2021
Learning Outcome: Acquire knowledge on diffrent drug-drug interaction and can be applied in practical life
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Mid-Term Exam. Marks Distribution:- Total Time for this examination is 1 hour 30 mins.
- Total Marks of the of this examination is 25.
- Each set of questions contains equal marks (2.5 Marks).
- This examination question will be made up of 12 sets of questions.
- Student will answer any ten (10) of the questions.
- Each set of questions may include two/three short or descriptive questions.
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Introduction
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the inner lining of the stomach, the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus. Learn about the causes, symptoms and treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
Learning Outcomes:
- Learn about the physiology of stomach and gastric acid secretion.
- Understand the factors related to gastric acid regulation.
- Differentiate between the mechanism of different type of peptic ulcer drugs.
Course Contents:
- Stomach Physiology
- Regulation of acid secretion by parietal cells
- Factors Regulating Acid Secretion from Parietal Cells
- Gastric Acid Induced Diseases
- Classification of anti-ulcerants
- Antacids, PPI, H2 receptor blocker, PG analogues
- Mucosal Protective Agents
- Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Agents
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Google Meet Live Class Links:
Batch 23 A: Live Class-12, Live Class-13,
Batch 23 B: Live Class-14, Live Class-15,
Batch 23 PCA: Live Class-14, Live Class-15,
Batch 23 PCB: Live Class-15, Live Class-16,
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Students mustViewMake forum posts: 1
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Do you feel confidence about the part of Mechanism of action Drugs for peptic ulcer?
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Case Study: Mr. Benzamine is very much anxious about the peptic ulcer disease. Could you please, describe him the causes of peptic ulcer ?
Learning Outcome: Acquire knowledge on causes, types and side effects of drugs for peptic ulcer disease and can be applied related advices in practical life.
Instruction: Student attentively go through the supporting link (Click here), prepare their answer and submit here.
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Introduction
Autacoids are heterogeneous chemical substances that are synthesized within the body and protect the body from some adverse situations by exerting its pharmacological action.
Learning Outcomes:
- Compare & contrast between different types of autacoids.
- Outlines their release patterns.
- Design drugs to inhibit inflammation
Course Contents:
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Google Meet Live Class Links:
Batch 23 A: Live Class-14, Live Class-15, Live Class-16, Live Class-17
Batch 23 B: Live Class-16, Live Class-17, Live Class-18,
Batch 23 PCA: Live Class-16, Live Class-17, Live Class-18, Live Class-19, Live class-20
Batch 23 PCB: Live Class-16, Live Class-17, Live Class-18, Live Class-19
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Students mustViewMake a choice
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Do you feel confidence about the part of Mechanism of action of Autacoids?
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Case Study: Mr. Robi issuffering from anxity and depression. Please, advise him some natural factors can boost serotonin levels.
Instruction: Student attentively go through the supporting link (Click here), prepare their answer and submit here.
Learning Outcome: Acquire knowledge on diffrent drug-drug interaction and can be applied in practical life
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Introduction
An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain. Examples: Aspirin, Paracetamol.
Antipyretics are the drugs which reduce elevated body temperature up to the normal condition. They are also called antifebrile agents.
Certain analgesics and antipyretic agents may also possess anti-inflammatory properties. Examples: Aspirin, Ibuprofen.
Anti-inflammatory drugs are the agents that reduce inflammation.
Learning Outcomes:
- Differentiate the narcotic & non-narcotic medications
- Identify the drug dependence symptoms
Course Contents:
- Non-narcotic analgesic- salicylates,
- Pyrazolone derivatives
- Para-aminophenole derivatives
- Propionic acid derivatives, indomethacin, sulindac, tolmetin, diclofenac
- Narcotic analgesic -opium alkaloids, morphine antagonist
- Synthetic & semisynthetic opiate
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Google Meet Live Class Links:
Batch 23 A: Live Class-1, Live Class-2,
Batch 23 B: Live Class-1,
Batch 23 PCA: Live Class-1,
Batch 23 PCB: Live Class-2, Live Class-3
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Sharing Knowledge, peer Discussion & evaluation (Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs)
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Do you feel confidence in the chapter Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs?
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Case Study: Mr. Rahman is taking analgesics drugs. Please, What type of precautions are necessary for him?
Instruction: Student attentively go through the supporting link (Click here), prepare their answer and submit here.
Learning Outcome: Acquire knowledge on diffrent analgesics drugs and correlated precaution and can be applied in practical life
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Introduction
Sedative-hypnotics are a class of drugs that cause a dose-dependent depression of the CNS function, inducing sedation, sleep, and unconsciousness with increasing dose. Agents in this class of drugs include benzodiazepines and Z-drugs, barbiturates, and melatonin agonists. Most of the sedative-hypnotic drugs affect GABAergic transmission, increasing the inhibition of neuronal excitability, with the exception of melatonin agonists, which act on hypothalamic melatonin receptors. Sedative-hypnotic drugs are used as anxiolytics, sedatives, muscle relaxants, anesthetics, and anticonvulsants. Common side effects result from excessive CNS depression and include confusion, drowsiness, somnolence, and respiratory depression. Long-term use of sedative-hypnotics is associated with a risk of dependence.
Learning Outcomes:
- Interpret the role of Sedative & hypnotic drugs
- Designate the agents having Sedative & hypnotic effects
Course Contents:
- Introduction
- Benzodiazepine
- Barbiturates
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Google Meet Live Class Links:
Batch 23 B: Live Class-1,
Batch 23 PCA: Live Class-1,
Batch 23 PCB: Live Class-2,
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Question: Are hypnotics addictive? Why?
Instruction: Student attentively go through the supporting link (Click here), prepare their answer and submit here.
Learning Outcome: Acquire knowledge on hypnotics drugs and their actions as well as can be applied in practical life
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Introduction
An anesthetic is a drug used to induce anesthesia — in other words, to result in a temporary loss of sensation or awareness. They may be divided into two broad classes: general anesthetics, which result in a reversible loss of consciousness, and local anesthetics, which cause a reversible loss of sensation for a limited region of the body without necessarily affecting consciousness.
A wide variety of drugs are used in modern anesthetic practice. Many are rarely used outside anesthesiology, but others are used commonly in various fields of healthcare. Combinations of anesthetics are sometimes used for their synergistic and additive therapeutic effects. Adverse effects, however, may also be increased.[1] Anesthetics are distinct from analgesics, which block only sensation of painful stimuli.Learning Outcomes
- Outline the necessity of anaesthetics in a surgical procedure.
- Illustrate the mechanism of action.
- Compare & contrast the drugs for a given situation
Course Contents:
- History
- Mechanism of action
- Properties
- Pharmacological action of local & general anaesthetics
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Case Study: Mr. Rahul is going to hospital for a mejor surgery and he needs general anaesthetics. Please, advise him some complicatications associated with general anaesthetics.
Instruction: Student attentively go through the supporting link (Click here), prepare their answer and submit here.
Learning Outcome: Acquire knowledge on general anaesthetics and associated complications and can be applied in practical life
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Introduction
Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants are medicines that speed up physical and mental processes. Stimulants (also referred to as psychostimulants) are psychoactive drugs that induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical functions or both. Examples of these kinds of effects may include enhanced alertness, wakefulness, and locomotion, among others. Due to their rendering a characteristic "up" feeling, stimulants are also occasionally referred to as "uppers" whereas depressants or "downers” that decrease mental and/or physical function.
Learning Outcomes:
Interpret the mechanism of CNS stimulation
Identify the key regulatory factors of nervous system stimulation
Discuss the relationship between drug dose & clinical response of various CNS stimulant drugs
Course Contents:
Strychnine
Xanthine
Methylxanthine
Amphetamine
Nicotine
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Google Meet Live Class Links:
Batch 23 A: Live Class-1,
Batch 23 B: Live Class-2,
Batch 23 PCA: Live Class-1,
Batch 23 PCB: Live Class-1,
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Final Examination Marks Distribution:
- Total Time for this examination is 2 hours 30 mins.
- Total Marks of the of this examination is 50.
- Each set of questions contains equal marks (5 Marks).
- This examination question will be made up of 12 sets of questions.
- Student will answer any ten (10) of the questions.
- Each set of questions may include two or three short or descriptive questions.
