Calculus is one of
the most crucial and fundamental tool in modern mathematics. It was developed
and booked in the 17th century by the two famous mathematician and
physicist Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz (For More information visit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_calculus). Calculus deals with infinitesimal quantities that
play remarkable roles in Physics and Mathematics. Calculus is the language of
engineers, scientists, and economists. The work of these professionals has a
huge impact on our daily life - from your microwaves, cell phones, TV, and car
to medicine, economy, and national defense.
Matrix is a major part of Linear Algebra. The introduction and development of the notion of a
matrix and the subject of linear algebra followed the development of
determinants, which arose from the study of coefficients of systems of linear
equations. Leibnitz, one of the two founders of calculus, used determinants in
1693 and Cramer presented his determinant-based formula for solving systems of
linear equations (today known as Cramer's Rule) in 1750. For optimization,
factory management system and many other sector concept of matrix are widely used.
Etymologically the word ‘statistics’ is derived from the term ‘matters
of the state’. Statistics is an important tool in
pharmacological research that is used to summarize (descriptive statistics)
experimental data in terms of central tendency (mean or median) and variance
(standard deviation, standard error of the mean, confidence interval or range)
but more importantly it enables us to conduct hypothesis testing. Statistical concepts and tools have been
successfully applied for decades in such sectors as chemicals, automobile
manufacturing, and computer chip manufacturing, but their use in the far more
regulated pharmaceutical industry presents some unique challenges. The pharmaceutical industry is a heavy user of statistics, especially in
the development of new drugs where it employs thousands of biostatisticians.
Statistics was one of the major driving forces toward success when Dr. Paul
Janssen founded his research laboratory in 1953.