Primary Health Care (PHC) is a community-based and preventive approach to health that focuses on providing essential health services to all people, especially those in rural or underserved areas. It was officially introduced in the Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978 by the WHO.
Key Features of Primary Health Care Approach:
1. Equitable Distribution:Health services should be available to everyone, rich or poor, urban or rural.
2. Community Participation:Local people are encouraged to take part in planning and running health programs.
3. Prevention Focused:Emphasis on prevention of diseases (like vaccination, health education) rather than just treatment.
4. Use of Appropriate Technology:Low-cost and practical tools or methods are used that suit local needs (e.g., oral rehydration solution, mosquito nets).
5. Intersectoral Coordination:Health work is connected with other sectors like education, agriculture, water supply, sanitation, etc.
Essential Components of PHC (As per WHO):
1. Health education
2. Proper nutrition
3. Safe water and sanitation
4. Maternal and child health care
5. Immunization
6. Control of endemic diseases
7. Treatment of common diseases
8. Provision of essential drugs
Examples of Primary Health Care Approach:
Vaccination camps in rural areas
Community health workers visiting villages
Promoting breastfeeding and nutrition
Health education programs on hygiene or family planning
Clean water supply projects