There are several models for the disaster management cycle, but they generally follow the same phased approach. Although the model appears to be linear, it is often far more complex, with secondary crises emerging, or conflict ‘spikes’ in protracted crises.

1 . Prevention: Activities aimed at trying to prevent future disasters occurring, such as building dykes or a dam to control flooding.

2 . Mitigation: Activities aimed at trying to mitigate the impact of a disaster if prevention is not possible, such as building schools to be more earthquake resistant.

3 . Preparedness: Activities aimed at trying to prepare communities for a disaster, such as emergency drills or pre-stocking relief items in logistic hubs.

4 . Disaster: An event that causes significant damage to people, property and infrastructure.