In ancient Hindu societies, legal systems were diverse, and the concept of exemption from punishment could vary. The Manusmriti, an ancient legal text, outlined a system of laws and punishments. It acknowledged certain situations where individuals might be exempt from punishment, such as cases involving minors, the mentally challenged, or those acting under coercion.
Additionally, the concept of "danda," or punishment, was often considered a means of correction rather than retribution. Some texts emphasized the importance of dharma (righteousness) and tried to balance justice with compassion. Exemptions could also be granted based on circumstances and the intent behind actions.
It's important to note that legal and ethical frameworks varied across different regions and time periods within ancient Hindu societies, so the specifics can differ. If you have a particular aspect or time period in mind, please provide more details for a more precise response.