The pecuniary jurisdiction of subordinate civil courts in India is determined by the value or amount of the dispute involved in a civil case. These courts are categorized based on the maximum amount they have the authority to adjudicate. The jurisdiction is typically defined in terms of the following categories:
1. **Small Cause Courts**: These courts handle cases involving small amounts, typically up to a certain limit, which varies from state to state. Small Cause Courts are specialized for cases of rent, damages, and minor civil disputes.
2. **District Courts**: District Courts have original jurisdiction in civil matters where the amount or value of the dispute exceeds the limit set for Small Cause Courts. The exact pecuniary jurisdiction of District Courts varies from one state to another.
3. **Subordinate Courts**: Subordinate Courts, also known as Subordinate Judge's Courts or Civil Judge's Courts, have jurisdiction in cases where the value of the dispute exceeds the limit of Small Cause Courts and may include cases referred to as "original suits."
4. **High Courts**: High Courts have original jurisdiction in civil cases of significant value, and they also serve as appellate courts for cases originating in lower courts. The pecuniary jurisdiction of High Courts varies among states and union territories.
5. **Supreme Court**: The Supreme Court of India can hear civil cases that involve substantial amounts or matters of national importance. It serves as the highest court of appeal and has jurisdiction over all other courts in the country.