During the Muslim period in India, various dynasties established their capitals in different regions, and consequently, different courts were established. Here are some notable courts in the capitals of various Muslim rulers:
Delhi Sultanate:
Qutub Complex Courts: The early Delhi Sultanate rulers, including Qutub-ud-din Aibak and Iltutmish, held their courts at the Qutub Complex in Delhi.
Old Fort (Purana Qila) Courts: Sher Shah Suri, who briefly interrupted the Delhi Sultanate, established his court at the Old Fort in Delhi.
Red Fort (Lal Qila) Courts: The Mughal emperors, starting with Akbar, held their courts at the Red Fort in Delhi.
Mughal Empire:
Agra Fort Courts: Before the shift to Delhi, some early Mughal emperors like Akbar held courts at the Agra Fort.
Red Fort (Lal Qila) Courts: Shah Jahan and later Mughal emperors held their courts at the Red Fort in Delhi.
Awadh (Oudh):
- Lucknow Courts: The Nawabs of Awadh, a Shia Muslim dynasty, held their courts in Lucknow.
Deccan Sultanates:
Golconda Fort Courts: The Qutb Shahi dynasty, ruling the Golconda Sultanate, held their courts at Golconda Fort in present-day Hyderabad.
Bidar Fort Courts: The Barid Shahi dynasty, ruling the Bidar Sultanate, held their courts at Bidar Fort in present-day Karnataka.
Bijapur Fort Courts: The Adil Shahi dynasty, ruling the Bijapur Sultanate, held their courts at Bijapur Fort in present-day Karnataka.
Bengal Sultanate:
Gaur Courts: The Bengal Sultanate, during its early period, held its courts at Gaur, the capital.
Pandua Courts: Before Gaur, the Bengal Sultanate had its capital at Pandua.
These are just a few examples, and the Muslim period in India saw the establishment of various other courts in different regions as the political landscape evolved over time.