The British Raj refers to the period of British colonial rule in the Indian subcontinent from 1858 to 1947. It began after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, when the British East India Company's control was transferred to the British Crown. During this time, India was under direct British administration, with significant social, economic, and political changes imposed by the colonial rulers.
The British implemented various policies that had far-reaching effects, including the introduction of a modern railway system, the establishment of a legal and administrative framework, and the promotion of English education. However, it also witnessed economic exploitation, cultural suppression, and the exacerbation of social divisions.
The struggle for Indian independence gained momentum over the years, with leaders like Mahatma Gandhi advocating for non-violent civil disobedience. The culmination of this movement led to India gaining independence in 1947, and the country was partitioned into India and Pakistan. The end of the British Raj marked a significant chapter in Indian history, shaping the subsequent development of the region.