(a) Definition of Statistics:

Statistics is a branch of mathematics that involves the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. It provides methods for drawing meaningful conclusions from data and making inferences about populations based on sample observations. Statistics is used in various fields to make informed decisions, identify patterns, and quantify uncertainties.

(b) Examples of Variables from the Real World:

Age: Age is a common variable that can be measured in years, months, or even days. It is relevant in various contexts, such as demographic studies, marketing research, and healthcare.

Income: Income is a quantitative variable that represents the amount of money an individual or a household earns over a specific period. It is a crucial factor in economic analyses, social studies, and financial planning.

Temperature: Temperature is a variable that can be measured in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. It is essential in meteorology, climate studies, and various scientific and industrial applications.