The ancient period spans a vast timeline and includes civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. It begins with the emergence of early civilizations around 3000 BCE and extends to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE. Key developments include the rise of city-states, the invention of writing systems, the establishment of empires, and significant contributions to art, philosophy, and governance. Notable events include the construction of the pyramids, the Code of Hammurabi, the Trojan War, and the spread of Alexander the Great's empire.
