Recursive Case: This is the part of the function where the function calls itself with a modified argument, moving towards a base case. This is where the main problem is divided into smaller subproblems.
Base Case: The base case is a condition that stops the recursion from continuing indefinitely. It provides a simple, non-recursive solution to the smallest subproblem. Without a base case, the function would call itself forever, leading to a stack overflow error.
