Sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh faces several key challenges due to its geographical, social, and economic conditions. These challenges include:
1. Land Degradation
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides leads to soil fertility loss.
Salinity intrusion, particularly in coastal regions, affects arable land.
Erosion in hilly areas reduces land available for farming.
2. Climate Change
Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and extreme weather events (like floods, cyclones, and droughts) disrupt farming patterns.
Sea level rise threatens coastal agricultural zones.
3. Population Pressure
High population density increases demand for food, putting pressure on limited agricultural land.
Urbanization and infrastructure development reduce the area available for farming.
4. Water Management Issues
Over-reliance on groundwater for irrigation depletes aquifers.
Seasonal water scarcity and flooding hinder year-round agricultural productivity.
5. Loss of Biodiversity
Monocropping and high-yielding varieties replace traditional crops, reducing genetic diversity.
Unsustainable fishing and farming practices affect ecosystem balance.
6. Poverty and Resource Constraints
Smallholder farmers lack access to credit, modern technology, and quality inputs.
Limited extension services and training hinder adoption of sustainable practices.
7. Market and Policy Gaps
Fluctuating market prices discourage farmers from adopting sustainable methods.
Inadequate policies and subsidies for sustainable agriculture hinder progress.
