Microwave engineering is growing in importance with each passing year. It has application to the wireless industry and to high density electronic packaging for computer systems with fast clock speeds. Some common applications of passive microwave circuits include communication systems (e.g., satellite-to-ground link), mobile phones and wireless local-area-network, radar, navigation and guidance systems (e.g., GPS), antennas, radio astronomy, electronic warfare, remote sensing, and biomedical devices.