1. Abraham Maslow's- Hierarchy theory : Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological (food and clothing), safety (job security), love and belonging needs (friendship), esteem, and self-actualization.
Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before individuals can attend to needs higher up.
2. Henry Mintzber- Managerial roles : There are many roles a manager has within an organization. Performing these roles is the basis of a manager's job. To be effective at these roles, a manager must be a complete businessperson by understanding the strategic, tactical and operational responsibilities he or she holds. These roles can change from day to day, but one thing is for sure: a manager must understand all of his or her roles and how to perform them effectively.
3. Winslow Taylor's- Scientific Management Theory : Taylor's four principles are as follows:
A. Replace working by "rule of thumb," or simple habit and common sense, and instead use the scientific method to study work and determine the most efficient way to perform specific tasks.
B. Rather than simply assign workers to just any job, match workers to their jobs based on capability and motivation, and train them to work at maximum efficiency.
C. Monitor worker performance, and provide instructions and supervision to ensure that they're using the most efficient ways of working.
D. Allocatethe work between managers and workers so that the managers spend their time planning and training, allowing the workers to perform their tasks efficiently.
4. Henri Foyol's- Principal of Management : Henri Fayol, a French industrialist, is now recognized as the Father of Modern Management. In the year 1916 Fayol wrote a book entitled “Industrial and General Administration”. In this book, he gave the 14 Principles of Management.
14 management principles are;
1. Division of Work.
2. Balancing Authority and Responsibility.
3. Discipline.
4. Unity of Command.
5. Unity of Direction.
6. Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest.
7. Remuneration.
8. Centralization.
9. Scalar Chain.
10. Order.
11. Equity.
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel.
13. Initiative.
14. Esprit De Corps.
5. Mc Gregor's - Theory of X and Theory Y : Social psychologist McGregor’s Theory-X and Theory-Yof MIT expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s: The X Theory and the Y Theory.
Theory X:
Theory X assumes that employees are naturally unmotivated and dislike working, and this encourages an authoritarian style of management. According to this view, management must actively intervene to get things done.
Theory Y:
Theory Y expounds a participative style of management that is de-centralized. It assumes that employees are happy to work, are self-motivated and creative, and enjoy working with greater responsibility.