Rivalries issues: approach is to consider long-term competitive relations between states, re-conceptualizing interstate rivalry based on contentious.
Intrastate Conflict: based approach has focused on interstate relations, this approach also has clear potential connections with intrastate relations.
nature of conflict : Conflict occurs when individuals are not able to choose among the available alternative courses of action.
Conflict between two individuals implies that they have conflicting perception, values and goals.