1.Ans:The foundation of an operating system (OS) is its kernel. It is the most significant component of the OS and is in charge of overseeing all of the computer's hardware and software resources.Although the kernel is an extremely complicated piece of software, it is necessary for any OS to function. The absence of a kernel would prevent the computer from executing any applications or interacting with any hardware.The kernel is comparable to a house's foundation. It is the foundation upon which everything else is erected. The house wouldn't be able to stand without the foundation. The kernel operates similarly.

2.Technically speaking, Linux is a kernel and not an OS. But when someone uses the word "Linux" in a general sense, they frequently mean a complete operating system that comes with the Linux kernel in addition to other software parts like utilities, libraries, and graphical user interfaces.

Although the Linux kernel is the operating system's foundation, it is not the only component. The Linux kernel is in charge of overseeing the hardware and giving other software the fundamental services it needs to function. It does not, however, come with any user-facing programs or graphical user interfaces (GUI).

There are more software components required to make Linux an entire operating system.

3.Linux is not immune to malware, despite the fact that it is frequently thought of as being more safe than other operating systems like Windows. Every operating system is susceptible to malware and other security risks. Due to its design ethos, open-source nature, and lower market penetration than Windows, which makes it a less desirable target for malware makers, Linux has the perception of being more secure than Windows.