Ancient Indian philosophy is diverse, encompassing six major schools of thought: Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa, and Vedanta. These schools explore fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics.
1. Nyaya: Focuses on logic and epistemology, aiming to attain valid knowledge through inference, comparison, and testimony.
2. Vaisheshika: Addresses metaphysics and atomistic theory, proposing that the universe is composed of distinct, indivisible particles.
3. Samkhya: Explores the nature of reality through dualism, positing the existence of two fundamental principles: Purusha (consciousness) and Prakriti (matter).