During the Muslim period, particularly in the context of the Islamic caliphates and subsequent Muslim empires, the court at the capital was often referred to as the "Dar al-Khilafa" (دار الخلافة), which means "the abode of the Caliphate." This term was used during the time of the Rashidun, Umayyad, and Abbasid Caliphates, where the capital was often the center of political, religious, and administrative activities.
Additionally, other specific courts in various Muslim empires had their own unique names. For example:
In the Ottoman Empire, the court at the capital (Istanbul) was known as the "Sublime Porte" (Bab-ı Ali), which referred to the central government and its administrative functions.
In the Mughal Empire, the court at the capital (Delhi, Agra, or later Lahore) was known as the "Diwan-i-Khas," where the emperor held private audiences, and the "Diwan-i-Am," where he held public audiences.
Each of these terms reflects the administrative and cultural nuances of the respective Muslim empires and their capitals.