The Muslim period in India, spanning roughly from the early 8th century to the mid-18th century, saw the rise of several Islamic dynasties and empires that greatly influenced the subcontinent's history and culture. This era began with the early invasions by Arab traders and culminated in the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire. The period was marked by significant contributions to architecture, with iconic structures like the Qutub Minar and the Taj Mahal, as well as advancements in art, literature, and administration. The synthesis of Persian and Indian cultures during this time led to the development of new languages, cuisines, and traditions, profoundly shaping the region's cultural and historical landscape.