ADR,  Alternative Dispute Resolution, refers to a set of methods and processes used to resolve disputes outside of traditional court litigation. The historical background of ADR can be traced back to ancient civilizations where various forms of dispute resolution were employed. Here is a brief historical overview of ADR:

1. Ancient Civilizations: ADR practices can be found in ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece. These societies used mediation, arbitration, and negotiation to settle disputes among individuals and communities.

2. Medieval Europe: During the medieval period, the Church played a significant role in resolving disputes through mediation and arbitration. Church courts provided a forum for resolving conflicts while avoiding the often-lengthy and costly procedures of the secular courts.

3. English Common Law: In England, the Court of Chancery developed a system of equitable remedies and procedures that focused on fairness and justice. Equitable principles, including mediation and arbitration, were used to resolve disputes outside the common law courts.

4. Industrial Revolution: With the rise of industrialization in the 18th and 19th centuries, labor disputes became more prevalent. To address the growing conflicts between workers and employers, voluntary arbitration boards were established to mediate and arbitrate labor disputes.

5. Modern ADR Movements: In the 20th century, alternative dispute resolution gained momentum as a response to the growing dissatisfaction with the formal court system.