Discussion Forum on Module 2

1. Ancient Period:

   • Most scholars believe that Hinduism originated somewhere between 2300 BCE and 1500 BCE in the Indus Valley, near modern-day Pakistan¹.
   • Unlike other religions, Hinduism doesn’t have a single founder. Instead, it is a fusion of various beliefs and practices.
   • The Indus Valley civilization (around 3rd–2nd millennium BCE) is considered an early source of Hindu traditions, making Hinduism possibly the oldest living religion on Earth².

2. Vedic Period:

   • The Vedic religion of ancient India significantly influenced the development of Hinduism.
   • The Vedas, ancient sacred texts composed in Sanskrit, played a crucial role in shaping Hindu beliefs and rituals.
   • During this period, the concept of dharma (righteous duty) emerged as a central principle.

3. Medieval and Modern Periods:

   • Hinduism continued to evolve over time, with various sects and regional manifestations.
   • Major branches of Hinduism include Vaishnavism (devotion to Lord Vishnu) and Shaivism (devotion to Lord Shiva).
   • The Vedas remained revered, but other texts like the Puranas and Epics also gained prominence.
   • Hinduism spread to Southeast Asia from the 4th century CE onwards, leaving a lasting impact for over 1,000 years².

In summary, Hinduism is a complex and multifaceted tradition that has evolved over millennia, encompassing diverse beliefs, rituals, and philosophies. Its roots extend deep into ancient history.