Criminology is the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. Criminology explains the etiology (origin), extent, and nature of crime in society. The most important areas of criminology are:
(1) The development of criminal law and its use to define crime,
(2) the cause of law violation, and
(3) the methods used to control criminal behavior.
The criminal justice system controls crime by imposing various sentences to an offender and those are discussed under “Modes of sentencing” A criminal sentence means the final explicit act of a judicial process. The sentence can generally involve a decree of imprisonment, a fine, and/or other punishments against a defendant convicted of a crime. There are several types of sentencing permissible around the world and we are going to discuss some of the most practiced modes and methods.