Summarized these resources from (PR-2-4)
1. Institutional Responses to Climate Change in Bangladesh's Northeastern Floodplains
This resource assessed national institutional responses to climate change in the northeastern floodplain of Bangladesh, focusing on their impact on local sustainable adaptation. Using document analysis, focus groups, and interviews, the findings extend discussions on sustainable adaptation from a polycentric perspective. The study found that while national adaptation plans have led to institutional reforms, challenges remain due to socioeconomic inequalities and power imbalances, limiting local participation in adaptation planning. The exclusion of marginalized groups like women and ethnic minorities further hinders progress. Additionally, technology-driven interventions, such as embankment construction and fertilizer use, exacerbate socio-economic disparities and negatively impact local ecosystems. The study recommends greater incorporation of local knowledge, enhanced community participation, and multi-sectoral approaches to address local political, social, and environmental barriers for sustainable adaptation. Ensuring two-way knowledge flows and supporting locally developed technologies are crucial for effective implementation.
2. Forest Income and Rural Livelihoods in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
The study emphasizes the important role of forest income, especially from bamboo and non-timber forest products (NTFPs), in supporting the livelihoods of ethnic communities in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) of Bangladesh. Although agricultural crops contribute the most to household income, forest products make up approximately 10.8%, with variations based on region and income level. Poorer households depend more on bamboo, while wealthier ones benefit from timber and poles. Challenges include limited market access, transportation difficulties, and socio-economic disparities. The Village Common Forests (VCFs) are crucial for supporting livelihoods, conserving watersheds, and preserving biodiversity. Communities effectively manage VCFs, ensuring the renewal of resources and access to perennial water sources. However, the lack of formal recognition for VCFs limits their potential, and policymakers are encouraged to integrate VCFs into land-use strategies to promote sustainable forest management and enhance livelihoods in the CHTs.
3. Resource Degradation and Livelihoods in Coastal Bangladesh
The coastal region of Bangladesh, which was once abundant in natural resources such as mangrove forests, fisheries, agriculture, and rivers, is now suffering from severe degradation due to human activities and climate change. Population growth, coastal embankments, river water withdrawal, shrimp farming, salt production, excessive use of agrochemicals, soil salinity, pollution, and over-exploitation of resources are the key factors contributing to this decline. These pressures have significantly harmed natural resources and livelihoods in the region. Urgent measures are needed to address this crisis, including sustainable management of existing resources and the development of alternative livelihood opportunities for coastal communities.